, Armonk, NY). The difference between communities into the questionnaires was basically checked out by separate try t-assessment. To possess assessment of regularity from shipments regarding your participant’s handedness, we determined Fisher’s precise test (two-sided). Behavioral study had been examined using blended-design ANOVA on activities displayed “face term” (i.elizabeth., furious, delighted, natural, or painful photographs) and character of your feelings (upset, happier, basic, and painful), that’s, new impulse regarding users therefore the anywhere between topic foundation classification (BPD, control). One-sample t-evaluation were utilized to evaluate whether or not category evaluations differed notably off the value fifty, which had been the middle of the brand new artwork level which fifty ways inconclusiveness for the attribution off photo definitions. To investigate if habituation happened, i calculated combined-model ANOVAs to the in this-subject basis “run” (runs step 1–4) additionally the anywhere between-subject factor class (BPD, control). New ANOVA is actually computed for each question alone (“empathy profile,” “empathy discomfort,” and “well-being”) 
and for the impulse date, that has been defined as the initial reaction to the first question after for each and every take off.
The fMRI data were analyzed by mixed-model ANOVAs with the factors, pain condition (pain/no pain), facial emotion (angry, happy, neutral, and painful, no emotion), and group (BPD/HC), for each region separately. We calculated an additional mixed-model ANOVA including only patients with BPD and the within-subject factors pain condition (pain/no pain) and facial emotion (angry, happy, neutral, and painful, no emotion) and the between-subject factor medication (patients with BPD receiving medication and patients free of medication), for each region separately. Dependent and independent t-tests were used for post hoc comparisons. All A;Geisser corrected. According to the work of Costantini et al., we calculated correlations between IRI scores and brain activity during painful conditions only for the supramarginal gyri (49). In detail, we calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for each IRI subscale and activation during “pain” conditions pooled for emotional faces. We further corrected for multiple testing with results considered significant only if p < 0.05/4 = 0.0125.
I found extreme differences between organizations to own IRI PT and you can PD score (look for Desk dos), not to own decades and you will IQ and you may handedness.
Dining table 2 New member qualities and outcome of evaluations from Interpersonal Reactivity Directory (IRI) abilities (Yards = indicate and you can assortment, SD = simple departure) anywhere between clients with BPD and match control (HC). T-attempt analytics (t, p, and you may Cohen’s d) is actually claimed. Into investigations off handedness, Fisher’s appropriate decide to try are computed and p-value (two-sided precise attempt worth) are advertised.
The mixed-model ANOVA with the factors “facial expression” and “identification” and group revealed a significant main effect of facial expression (F(2.3, 73.7) = 9.11, p < 0.001) and identification (F(2.6, 88.1) = , p < 0.001) and the interaction facial expression–identification (F(3.3, 106.3) = , p < 0.001), indicating selective rating depending on facial expression and identification. Importantly, no main effect or interaction with group appeared, showing that both patients and controls recognized the emotional content equally well. In addition, participants recognized the emotions correctly as indicated by significantly higher ratings than the “inconclusive value” of 50 (angry expressions rated as angry: t(33) = , p < 0.001; happy expressions rated as happy t(33) = , p < 0.001; neutral facial expressions rated as neutral t(33) = 7.05, p < 0.001; painful facial expressions rated as painful t(33) = , p < 0.001). All other comparisons (e.g., angry faces described as neutral) reached significance with values lower than 50, which stands for rebuttal of the suggested emotion category. In other words, participants did not mistake any emotion for another. For the behavioral results, ratings of one patient and four controls are missing due to timing/technical problems (BPD, n = 19; HC, n = 15).
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